Parameter list

In the following all parameters available in AnyMOD are listed. Information includes the name used in the input files and throughout the model, the parameters' unit, its dimensions according to the symbols introduced in Sets and Mappings, the default value and the inheritance rules. In addition, related model elements and the part a parameter is assigned are documented.

Dispatch of technologies

The parameters listed here describe the conversion and storage of energy carriers by technologies. As a result, each of these parameters can vary by operational mode. If any mode specific values are provided, these replace mode unspecific data.

The following two diagrams serve as a remainder on how conversion and storage are generally modelled in AnyMOD.

Availability

Technical availability of the operated capacity.

Since operated capacity is split into conversion, storage-input, storage-output, and storage-size, the same distinction applies to availabilities.

name	avaConv	avaSt{In/Out/Size}
unit	percent as decimal
dimension	$Ts_{dis}$, $Ts_{exp}$, $R_{dis}$, $Te$, $M$	$Ts_{dis}$, $Ts_{exp}$, $R_{dis}$, $C$, $Te$, $M$
default value	1.0
inheritance rules	$Ts_{exp}$ → upwards $Ts_{dis}$ → upwards $R_{dis}$ → upwards
inheritance rules	$Te$ → upwards $Ts_{dis}$ → average $R_{dis}$ → average	$C$ → upwards $Te$ → upwards $Ts_{dis}$ → average $R_{dis}$ → average
related elements	conversion capacity restriction conversion variables only created where availability is not zero	storage capacity restriction storage variables only created where availability is not zero
part	technology

Efficiency

Efficiency of converting or storing energy carriers.

For conversion the parameter controls the ratio between in- and output carriers. For storage it determines the losses charging to and discharging from the storage system is subjected to.

name	effConv	effSt{In/Out}
unit	percent as decimal
dimension	$Ts_{dis}$, $Ts_{exp}$, $R_{dis}$, $Te$, $M$	$Ts_{dis}$, $Ts_{exp}$, $R_{dis}$, $C$, $Te$, $M$
default value	1.0
inheritance rules	$Ts_{exp}$ → upwards $Ts_{dis}$ → upwards $R_{dis}$ → upwards
inheritance rules	$Te$ → upwards $Ts_{dis}$ → average $R_{dis}$ → average	$C$ → upwards $Te$ → upwards $Ts_{dis}$ → average $R_{dis}$ → average
related elements	conversion balance conversion capacity restriction	storage balance
part	technology

Variable cost

Costs imposed on different types of quantities dispatched.

Note that for storage costs are incurred on quantities as specified in the diagram above. This means stIn quantities still include charging losses, while stOut quantities are already corrected for losses from discharging.

name	costVar{Use/Gen/StIn/StOut}
unit	€/MWh
dimension	$Ts_{dis}$, $Ts_{exp}$, $R_{dis}$, $C$, $Te$, $M$
default value	0.0
inheritance rules	$Ts_{exp}$ → upwards $Ts_{dis}$ → average $R_{dis}$ → upwards $C$ → upwards $Te$ → upwards $Ts_{dis}$ → upwards $Ts_{dis}$ → average $R_{dis}$ → average
related constraints	variable cost equation
part	technology

Ratios of carrier use and generation

Restricting the share of a single carrier on total use or generation. The share can either be fixed or imposed as a lower or upper limit.

One practical example for the application of this parameter is modelling the power-to-heat ratio of cogeneration plants (see par_techDispatch.csv).

name	ratioEnerUse{Fix/Low/Up}	ratioEnerGen{Fix/Low/Up}
unit	percent as decimal
dimension	$Ts_{dis}$, $Ts_{exp}$, $R_{dis}$, $C$, $Te$, $M$
default value	none
inheritance rules	$Ts_{exp}$ → upwards $Ts_{dis}$ → average $R_{dis}$ → upwards $Te$ → upwards $Ts_{dis}$ → upwards
related elements	energy ratio restriction
part	technology

Storage self-discharge

Automatic reduction of stored energy within a storage system.

If the stored carrier is assigned an emission factor and emissionLoss is set to true, these losses are subject to emissions.

name	stDis
unit	percent as decimal per hour
dimension	$Ts_{dis}$, $Ts_{exp}$, $R_{dis}$, $C$, $Te$, $M$
default value	0.0
inheritance rules	$Ts_{exp}$ → upwards $Ts_{dis}$ → upwards $C$ → upwards $R_{dis}$ → upwards $Te$ → upwards $Ts_{dis}$ → average $R_{dis}$ → average
related elements	storage balance
part	technology

Storage inflow

External charging of the storage system. Inflows can also be negative and are not subject to charging losses.

Flows have to be provided in power units and are converted into energy quantities according to the temporal resolution of the respective carrier (e.g. at a daily resolution 2 GW translate into of 48 GWh). This approach ensures parameters do not need to be adjusted when the temporal resolution is changed. The most important application of this parameter are natural inflows into hydro storages.

name	stInflow
unit	GW
dimension	$Ts_{dis}$, $Ts_{exp}$, $R_{dis}$, $C$, $Te$, $M$
default value	0.0
inheritance rules	$Ts_{exp}$ → upwards $C$ → upwards $Ts_{dis}$ → sum $R_{dis}$ → sum $Te$ → upwards
related elements	storage balance
part	technology

Dispatch of exchange and trade

Exchange availability

Technical availability of exchange capacities. The parameter avaExc applies for both directions and will be overwritten by the directed avaExcDir.

name	avaExc	avaExcDir
unit	percent in decimal
dimension	$Ts_{dis}$, $R_{a}$, $R_{b}$, $C$	$Ts_{dis}$, $R_{from}$, $R_{to}$, $C$
default value	1.0
inheritance rules	$Ts_{dis}$ → upwards
	$R_{a}$ → upwards $R_{b}$ → upwards $R_{a}$ → average $R_{b}$ → average	$R_{from}$ → upwards $R_{to}$ → upwards $R_{from}$ → average $R_{to}$ → average
	$Ts_{dis}$ → average
related elements	exchange capacity restriction exchange variables only created where availability is not zero
part	exchange

Exchange losses

Losses occurring when energy is exchanged between two regions. The parameter lossExc applies for both directions and will be overwritten by the directed lossExcDir.

If the exchanged carrier is assigned an emission factor and emissionLoss is set to true, these losses are subject to emissions.

name	lossExc	lossExcDir
unit	percent in decimal
dimension	$Ts_{dis}$, $R_{a}$, $R_{b}$, $C$	$Ts_{dis}$, $R_{from}$, $R_{to}$, $C$
default value	0.0
inheritance rules	$Ts_{dis}$ → upwards
	$R_{a}$ → upwards $R_{b}$ → upwards $R_{a}$ → average $R_{b}$ → average	$R_{from}$ → upwards $R_{to}$ → upwards $R_{from}$ → average $R_{to}$ → average
	$Ts_{dis}$ → average
related elements	conversion balance
part	exchange

Exchange cost

Costs imposed on the exchange of quantities. Cost are equally split between the exporting and importing region.

The parameter costVarExc applies for both directions and will be overwritten by the directed costVarExcDir.

name	costVarExc	costVarExcDir
unit	€/MWh
dimension	$Ts_{dis}$, $R_{a}$, $R_{b}$, $C$	$Ts_{dis}$, $R_{from}$, $R_{to}$, $C$
default value	none
inheritance rules	$Ts_{dis}$ → upwards
	$R_{a}$ → upwards $R_{b}$ → upwards $R_{a}$ → average $R_{b}$ → average	$R_{from}$ → upwards $R_{to}$ → upwards $R_{from}$ → average $R_{to}$ → average
	$Ts_{dis}$ → average
related elements	variable cost equation
part	exchange

Trade price

Price for buying or selling an energy carrier on an external market.

Can be combined with the parameter trade capacity to create stepped demand and supply curves (see following documentation for details).

name	trdBuyPrc	trdSellPrc
unit	€/MWh
dimension	$Ts_{dis}$, $R_{dis}$, $C$, $id$
default value	none
inheritance rules	$Ts_{dis}$ → upwards $R_{dis}$ → upwards $Ts_{dis}$ → average $R_{dis}$ → average
related elements	trade cost equation trade variables only created where costs defined
part	trade

Trade capacity

Capacity available for buying or selling an energy carrier on an external market.

Capacity has to be provided in power units and is converted into energy quantities according to the temporal resolution of the respective carrier (e.g. at a daily resolution 2 GW translate into 48 GWh). This approach ensures parameters do not need to be adjusted when the temporal resolution is changed.

name	trdBuyCap	trdSellCap
unit	GW
dimension	$Ts_{dis}$, $R_{dis}$, $C$, $id$
default value	none
inheritance rules	$Ts_{dis}$ → upwards $R_{dis}$ → upwards $Ts_{dis}$ → average $R_{dis}$ → average
related elements	trade capacity restriction
part	trade

By assigning the same id to a trade price and capacity the amount of energy that can be bought or sold at the given price can be limited. As a result, stepped supply and demand curves for energy carriers can be created.

For example, the table below enables the import of hydrogen to the region West at 100 €/MWh, but limits the import capacity to 20 GW. When imposing this limit, the capacity is scaled according to the temporal resolution hydrogen is modelled at. So, at a yearly resolution 20 GW would translate to 175.2 TWh (= 20 GW × 8760 h).

region_1	carrier_1	id	parameter	value
West	hydrogen	1	trdBuyPrc	100.0
West	hydrogen	1	trdBuyCap	20.0

Alternatively, this definition creates an additional electricity demand of 2.0 and 1.0 GW with a willingness-to-pay of 60 and 90 €/MWh, respectively. By adding more columns values could be further differentiated by time-step and region.

carrier_1	id	parameter	value
electricity	1	trdSellPrc	60.0
electricity	2	trdSellPrc	90.0
electricity	1	trdSellCap	2.0
electricity	2	trdSellCap	1.0

Other dispatch

Demand

Inelastic demand for an energy carrier.

Capacity has to be provided in power units and is converted into energy quantities according to the temporal resolution of the respective carrier (e.g. at a daily resolution 20 GW translate into 480 GWh). This approach ensures parameters do not need to be adjusted when the temporal resolution is changed.

name	dem
unit	GW
dimension	$Ts_{dis}$, $R_{dis}$, $C$
default value	0.0
inheritance rules	$Ts_{dis}$ → average $R_{dis}$ → sum
related elements	energy balance
part	balance

Cost of curtailment and loss of load

Variable costs excess generation or unmet demand is subjected to. Costs can also be negative (=revenues).

name	costCrt	costLss
unit	€/MWh
dimension	$Ts_{dis}$, $R_{dis}$, $C$
default value	none
inheritance rules	$Ts_{dis}$ → upwards $R_{dis}$ → upwards $Ts_{dis}$ → average $R_{dis}$ → average
related elements	curtailment and loss-of-load cost equation respective variables only created where costs defined
part	balance

Capacity expansion

Here, all parameters relevant to the expansion of conversion, storage, and exchange capacity are listed.

At this point it is important to stress that, as displayed in the technology diagrams, AnyMOD always indicates capacities before efficiency losses! For instance capacity of a gas power plant does not denote its maximum electricity output, but the maximum gas input. This approach is pursued, because efficiency is not a constant and can differ by time-step, region, and mode. As a result, maximum output varies within the dispatch too and is not suited to universally describe installed capacities.

Discount rate

Overall rate to discount all costs to the present. See Cost equations for details on use.

name	rateDisc
unit	percent as decimal
dimension	$Ts_{sup}$, $R_{exp}$
default value	0.02
inheritance rules	$Ts_{sup}$ → upwards $R_{exp}$ → upwards $Ts_{sup}$ → average $R_{exp}$ → average
related elements	all cost equations
part	objective

Interest rate

Interest rate to compute annuity costs of investments. See Cost equations for details on use.

name	rateExpConv	rateExpSt{In/Out/Size}	rateExpExc
unit	percent as decimal
dimension	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{exp}$, $Te$	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{exp}$, $C$, $Te$	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{a}$, $R_{b}$, $C$
default value	respective discount rate is used as a default
inheritance rules	$Te$ → upwards $Ts_{exp}$ → upwards $R_{exp}$ → upwards		$Ts_{exp}$ → upwards $R_{a}$ → average $R_{b}$ → average $C$ → upwards
related elements	expansion cost equation
part	objective

Expansion cost

Costs of capacity expansion (or investment).

Cost data before efficiency

Ensure the cost data provided relates to capacity before efficiency (see beginning of section)! Costs before efficiency are computed by multiplying costs after efficiency with a nominal efficiency $K_{before} = K_{after} \cdot \eta$.

name	costExpConv	costExpSt{In/Out/Size}	costExpExc
unit	Mil.€/GW	Mil.€/GWh	Mil.€/GW
dimension	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{exp}$, $Te$	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{exp}$, $C$, $Te$	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{a}$, $R_{b}$, $C$
default value	0
inheritance rules	$Te$ → upwards $Ts_{exp}$ → upwards $R_{exp}$ → upwards		$Ts_{exp}$ → upwards $R_{a}$ → average $R_{b}$ → average $C$ → upwards
related elements	expansion cost equation
part	objective

Operating cost

Costs of operating installed capacities.

Cost data before efficiency

name	costOprConv	costOprSt{In/Out/Size}	costOprExc
unit	Mil.€/GW/a	Mil.€/GWh/a	Mil.€/GW/a
dimension	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{exp}$, $Te$	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{exp}$, $C$, $Te$	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{a}$, $R_{b}$, $C$
default value	0
inheritance rules	$Ts_{sup}$ → upwards $Te$ → upwards $Ts_{exp}$ → upwards $R_{exp}$ → upwards		$Ts_{sup}$ → upwards $R_{a}$ → average $R_{b}$ → average $R_{a}$ → upwards $R_{b}$ → upwards $C$ → upwards
related elements	operating cost equation
part	objective

Technical lifetime

Time in years a capacity can be operated after construction.

To avoid distortions lifetimes are advised to be divisible by the steps-size of capacity modelling (e.g rather using 20 or 25 instead of 23 when using 5-year steps).

name	lifeConv	lifeSt{In/Out/Size}	lifeExc
unit	years
dimension	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{exp}$, $Te$	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{exp}$, $C$, $Te$	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{a}$, $R_{b}$, $C$
default value	20		50
inheritance rules	$Te$ → upwards $Ts_{exp}$ → upwards $R_{exp}$ → upwards		$Ts_{exp}$ → upwards $R_{a}$ → average $R_{b}$ → average $C$ → upwards
related elements	definition of installed capacity
part	technology		exchange

Economic lifetime

Time in years to compute annuity costs of investment. Also determines the time-frame annuity costs are incurred over.

To avoid distortions lifetimes are advised to be divisible by the steps-size of capacity modelling (e.g rather using 20 or 25 instead of 23 when using 5-year steps).

name	lifeEcoConv	lifeEcoSt{In/Out/Size}	lifeEcoExc
unit	years
dimension	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{exp}$, $Te$	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{exp}$, $C$, $Te$	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{a}$, $R_{b}$, $C$
default value	respective technical lifetime is used as a default
inheritance rules	$Te$ → upwards $Ts_{exp}$ → upwards $R_{exp}$ → upwards		$Ts_{exp}$ → upwards $R_{a}$ → average $R_{b}$ → average $C$ → upwards
related elements	expansion cost equation
part	technology		exchange

Construction time

Time in years for construction of capacity. This parameter introduces an offset between the start of the economic and technical lifetime.

To avoid distortions lifetimes are advised to be divisible by the steps-size of capacity modelling (e.g rather using 0 or 5 instead of 3 when using 5-year steps).

name	delConv	delSt{In/Out/Size}	delExc
unit	years
dimension	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{exp}$, $Te$	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{exp}$, $C$, $Te$	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{a}$, $R_{b}$, $C$
default value	0
inheritance rules	$Te$ → upwards $Ts_{exp}$ → upwards $R_{exp}$ → upwards		$Ts_{exp}$ → upwards $R_{a}$ → average $R_{b}$ → average $C$ → upwards
related elements	definition of installed capacity
part	technology		exchange

Limits on quantities dispatched

Limits on variables also utilize the inheritance algorithm. Therefore, the way parameter data is provided determines how limits are enforced. For example, in the table below the upper limit of 100 GWh on the use of biomass will be imposed on the sum of use across all years, because the time-step dimension is undefined.

carrier_1	timestep_1	parameter	value
biomass		useUp	100.0

If instead the limit should apply to each year seperately, each of these years needs to be specified.

carrier_1	timestep_1	parameter	value
biomass	2020	useUp	100.0
biomass	2030	useUp	100.0

As an abbrevation we could also apply the keyword all (see Time-steps for details) to reduce the number of required rows.

carrier_1	timestep_1	parameter	value
biomass	all	useUp	100.0

So far, the limit for each year still applies to the summed use of biomass across all regions. This could again be altered by adding a respective column.

Applying limits on the sum of variables across different years can be insightful in some case (for example in case of an emission budget from now until 2050). But it also is a likely and severe mistake to make if unfamiliar with AnyMOD's specific mechanics. For this reason defining a limit that sums up variables from different years will cause a warning within the reporting file

Limits on technology dispatch

Limits on technology dispatch. In the inheritance rules sum* only applies for upper limits.

name	use{Fix/Low/Up}	gen{Fix/Low/Up}	stOut{Fix/Low/Up}	stIn{Fix/Low/Up}
unit	GWh
dimension	$Ts_{dis}$, $Ts_{exp}$, $R_{dis}$, $C$, $Te$, $M$
default value	none
inheritance rules	$Ts_{dis}$ → sum/sum* $Ts_{exp}$ → sum/sum* $R_{dis}$ → sum/sum* $C$ → sum/sum* $Te$ → sum/sum* $M$ → sum/sum*
related elements	see limiting constraints
part	limit

Limits on exchange

Limits on exchange quantities. In the inheritance rules sum* only applies for upper limits.

name	exc{Fix/Low/Up}	ExcDir{Fix/Low/Up}
unit	GWh
dimension	$Ts_{dis}$, $R_{a}$, $R_{b}$, $C$
default value	none
inheritance rules	$Ts_{dis}$ → sum/sum* $R_{a}$ → sum/sum* $R_{b}$ → sum/sum* $C$ → sum/sum*
related elements	see limiting constraints
part	limit

Limits on trade, curtailment and loss of load

Limits on traded and curtailed quantities as well as on unmet demand. In the inheritance rules sum* only applies for upper limits.

name	trdBuy{Fix/Low/Up}	trdSell{Fix/Low/Up}	crt{Fix/Low/Up}	lss{Fix/Low/Up}
unit	GWh
dimension	$Ts_{dis}$, $R_{dis}$, $C$
default value	none
inheritance rules	$Ts_{dis}$ → sum/sum* $R_{dis}$ → sum/sum* $C$ → sum/sum*
related elements	see limiting constraints
part	limit

Limits on expansion and capacity

Limits on expansion and capacity are enforced analogously to limits on dispatch quantities. Therefore, the same caution with regard to how limits are defined should be exercised. As explained for dispatched quantities in greater detail, the table below will impose an upper limit of 80 GW on the installed capacity of wind summed across all years.

technology_1	timestep_1	parameter	value
wind		capaConvUp	80.0

While this table will actually enforce separate limits of 80 GW on the installed capacity of wind in each year.

technology_1	timestep_1	parameter	value
wind	all	capaConvUp	80.0

Storage ratios

One technology can have four different kinds of capacity variables (see Technologies for details): conversion, storage-input, storage-output, and storage-size. The ratios between these capacities can be fixed by the following parameters:

stInToConv: ratio between conversion and storage-input capacity
stOutToStIn: ratio between storage-output and storage-input capacity
sizeToStIn: ratio between storage-size and storage-input capacity, commonly referred to energy-to-power ratio

Ratios are not directly applied to installed capacities, but to expansion variables instead. Consequently, acutally installed capacities can deviate from the specified ratios, if any residual capacities are provided. In case of stock technologies, which are not expanded, ratios are directly enforced to capacities. In this case any deviating residual capacities are ignored.

Upper and lower limits on ratios

So far, AnyMOD does not support the setting of upper and lower limits on these ratios instead of fixing them. As a workaround, the code below shows how an upper limit of 10 on the energy-to-power ratio can be manually added to a model.

for x in 1:size(model_object.parts.tech[:battery].var[:capaStIn],1)
  var = model_object.parts.tech[:battery].var
  stIn, stSize = [var[y][x,:var] for y in [:capaStIn,:capaStSize]]
  @constraint(model_object.optModel, fixEP, stIn*10 >= stSize)
end

name	stInToConv	stOutToStIn	sizeToStIn
unit	dimensionless
dimension	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{exo}$, $C$, $Te$, $M$
default value	none
inheritance rules	$Te$ → upwards $Ts_{exp}$ → upwards $R_{exp}$ → upwards
related elements	capacity variables substituted by product of ratio and connected variable
part	technology

Residual capacities

Installed capacities for technologies that already exist without any expansion.

name	capaConvResi	capa{StIn/StOut/StSize}Resi
unit	GW
dimension	$Ts_{sup}$, $Ts_{exp}$, $R_{exp}$, $Te$	$Ts_{sup}$, $Ts_{exp}$, $R_{exp}$, $C$, $Te$
default value	none
inheritance rules	$R_{exp}$ → sum $Te$ → sum $Ts_{sup}$ → average
	$Ts_{exp}$ → sum $Ts_{sup}$ → upwards	$C$ → sum $Ts_{exp}$ → sum $Ts_{sup}$ → upwards
related elements	definition of installed capacity decommissioning of operated capacitiy
part	technology

Installed exchange capacities that already exist without any expansion.

Defining a residual capacity between two regions generally enables exchange of a specific carrier between these regions. If exchange should be enabled, but no pre-existing capacity exists, a residual capacity of zero can be provided.

name	capaExcResi	capaExcResiDir
unit	GW
dimension	$Ts_{dis}$, $R_{a}$, $R_{b}$, $C$	$Ts_{dis}$, $R_{from}$, $R_{to}$, $C$
default value	none
inheritance rules	$Ts_{dis}$ → upwards
	$R_{a}$ → sum $R_{b}$ → sum	$R_{from}$ → sum $R_{to}$ → sum
	$Ts_{dis}$ → average
related elements	definition of installed capacity decommissioning of operated capacitiy
part	exchange

capaExcResi refers to capacity in both directions, while capaExcResiDir refers to directed capacities and is added to any undirected values. Consequently, the table below will result in an residual capacity of 4 GW from East to West and 3 GW from West to East.

region_1	region_1	carrier_1	parameter	value
East	West	electricity	capaExcResi	3.0
East	West	electricity	capaExcResiDir	1.0

Limits on expansion

Limits on capacity expansion. In the inheritance rules sum* only applies for upper limits.

name	expConv{Fix/Low/Up}	exp{StIn/StOut/StSize}{Fix/Low/Up}	expExc{Fix/Low/Up}
unit	GW
dimension	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{exp}$, $Te$	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{exp}$, $C$, $Te$	$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{a}$, $R_{b}$, $C$
default value	none
inheritance rules	$Ts_{exp}$ → sum/sum* $R_{exp}$ → sum/sum* $Te$ → sum/sum*		$Ts_{exp}$ → sum/sum* $R_{a}$ → sum/sum* $R_{b}$ → sum/sum* $C$ → sum/sum*
		$C$ → sum/sum*
related elements	see limiting constraints
part	limit

Limits on capacity

Limits on installed capacity. In the inheritance rules sum* only applies for upper limits.

name	capaConv{Fix/Low/Up}	capa{StIn/StOut/StSize}{Fix/Low/Up}	capaExc{Fix/Low/Up}
unit	GW
dimension	$Ts_{sup}$, $Ts_{exp}$, $R_{exp}$, $Te$	$Ts_{sup}$,$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{exp}$, $C$, $Te$	$Ts_{sup}$, $R_{a}$, $R_{b}$, $C$
default value	none
inheritance rules	$R_{exp}$ → sum/sum* $Te$ → sum/sum* $Ts_{sup}$ → average		$Ts_{sup}$ → average $R_{a}$ → sum/sum* $R_{b}$ → sum/sum* $C$ → sum/sum*
	$Ts_{exp}$ → sum/sum*	$C$ → sum/sum* $Ts_{exp}$ → sum/sum*
related elements	see limiting constraints
part	limit

Limits on operated capacity

Limits on operated capacity. In the inheritance rules sum* only applies for upper limits.

name	oprCapaConv{Fix/Low/Up}	oprCapa{StIn/StOut/StSize}{Fix/Low/Up}	oprCapaExc{Fix/Low/Up}
unit	GW
dimension	$Ts_{sup}$, $Ts_{exp}$, $R_{exp}$, $Te$	$Ts_{sup}$,$Ts_{exp}$, $R_{exp}$, $C$, $Te$	$Ts_{sup}$, $R_{a}$, $R_{b}$, $C$
default value	none
inheritance rules	$R_{exp}$ → sum/sum* $Te$ → sum/sum* $Ts_{sup}$ → average		$Ts_{sup}$ → average $R_{a}$ → sum/sum* $R_{b}$ → sum/sum* $C$ → sum/sum*
	$Ts_{exp}$ → sum/sum*	$C$ → sum/sum* $Ts_{exp}$ → sum/sum*
related elements	see limiting constraints
part	limit

Emissions

Emission limit

Upper limit on carbon emissions.

Upper limits on emissions are enforced analogously to limits on dispatch quantities. Therefore, the same caution with regard to how limits are defined should be exercised. As explained for dispatched quantities in greater detail, the table below will impose a carbon budget, meaning an upper limit on the sum of carbon emitted across all years.

timestep_1	parameter	value
	emissionUp	80.0

While this table will enforce separate limits for each year.

timestep_1	parameter	value
all	emissionUp	80.0

name	emissionUp
unit	Mil. tCO₂
dimension	$Ts_{dis}$, $Ts_{exp}$, $R_{dis}$, $C$, $Te$, $M$
default value	none
inheritance rules	$Ts_{dis}$ → sum* $Ts_{exp}$ → sum* $R_{dis}$ → sum* $C$ → sum* $Te$ → sum* $M$ → sum*
related elements	see limiting constraints
part	limit

Emission factor

Relative emissions associated with the use of a carrier.

name	emissionFac
unit	tCO₂/GWh
dimension	$Ts_{dis}$, $Ts_{exp}$, $R_{dis}$, $C$, $Te$, $M$
default value	none
inheritance rules	$Ts_{exp}$ → upwards $Ts_{dis}$ → upwards $R_{dis}$ → upwards $C$ → upwards $Te$ → upwards $M$ → upwards
related elements	see limiting constraints variable cost equation
part	limit

Emission price

Costs imposed on emitting carbon.

name	emissionPrc
unit	€/tCO₂
dimension	$Ts_{dis}$, $Ts_{exp}$, $R_{dis}$, $C$, $Te$, $M$
default value	none
inheritance rules	$Ts_{exp}$ → upwards $Ts_{dis}$ → upwards $R_{dis}$ → upwards $C$ → upwards $Te$ → upwards $M$ → upwards
related elements	see limiting constraints variable cost equation
part	objective